Glossary and Abbreviations List

2004-05	The financial year 2004-05; that is, 1 July 2004 to 30 June 2005.
ABARE	Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics
ACAS	Australian Crop Accreditation System
ACIAR	Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research
ACRCP	Australian Cereal Rust Control Program
agroecological zone	A region defined by a characteristic interrelationship between agronomy/farming systems and various environmental features, not just climate. It is broader than an agroecosystem.
ANAO	Australian National Audit Office
AOP	Annual Operational Plan
APSIM	Agricultural Production Systems Simulator
Australian Hard	A wheat quality classification for wheat varieties that meet certain stringent requirements that result in high-quality flours suitable for a wide range of European breads, Middle Eastern flat breads and a number of Asian products.
AWCMMP	Australian Winter Cereal Molecular Marker Program
biotransformation	The conversion of one natural product to another natural product using biological means. A revolutionary shift in the chemical industry worldwide, away from petrochemical feedstocks and towards biological catalysts. This shift is being driven by diminishing petrochemical resources, concerns about high-energy/ high-waste chemical manufacturing processes, and increasing demand for complex chemical products which can be made only by biological catalysts.
CAC Act	The Commonwealth Authorities and Companies Act 1997, which is complemented by the Commonwealth Authorities and Companies (Report of Operations) Orders 2005 - orders made by the Finance Minister concerning the report of operations component of annual reporting.
CIMMYT	International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre
corporate governance	The management process concerned with structures and processes for decision making, and with organisational controls and behaviours that support effective accountability for performance outcomes.
corporation, the	Grains Research and Development Corporation
COS	carbonyl sulphide
CRC	Cooperative Research Centre
CSIRO	Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
DAFF	Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry
DArT	Diversity Arrays Technology
Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry	The Australian Government department that, among other things, manages portfolio responsibilities for rural R&D corporations.
double haploid	A double haploid plant has cells containing two chromosome sets that are identical.
*Driving Innovation*	The GRDC Five Year Research and Development Plan 2002-07. The plan was prepared under the provisions of the PIERD Act (among other things) and approved by the Minister, and reflects ministerial directions, Australian Government policy, and extensive consultation with the grains industry. The plan is designed to be the principal source of information about the GRDC's policies, programs and operations. It describes the GRDC; defines its business environment and key factors for the period to 2007; lays down, in the context of the business environment, the GRDC's planned outcomes and strategic priorities for investing in R&D; and outlines the strategies that the GRDC intends to adopt to achieve those outcomes. Each year the plan is reviewed and its objectives are addressed in an annual operational plan.
effectiveness	In the context of the CAC Act, the extent to which an Australian Government authority has achieved the objectives or discharged the functions, as the case requires, set out in its enabling legislation.
efficiency	In the context of the CAC Act, the extent to which an Australian Government authority has maximised the outputs produced from a given level and quality of inputs or minimised the inputs used to produce a given level and quality of outputs.
EMS	Environmental Management System
EMT	GRDC Executive Management Team
Environmental management system	A rigorous management process that primary producers can use to improve and document their environmental management practices.
EPBC Act	The Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999, which promotes ESD and seeks to conserve biological diversity through an effective, efficient national approach to environmental management at all levels of government.
EPR	End Point Royalties
ESD	ecologically sustainable development
extension	The communication of knowledge, processes and/or technology to the grains industry, other stakeholders and the community.
farm cash income	Total revenues received by the farm business during the financial year: farm cash income = total cash receipts - total cash costs. Total cash costs include payments made by the farm business for materials and services and for permanent and casual hired labour (excluding owner - manager, partner and family labour).
FOI Act	Freedom of Information Act 1982
GCA	Grains Council of Australia
GMO	genetically modified organism
GRDC	Grains Research and Development Corporation
ICARDA	International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas
inputs	Resources - in the form of people, expertise, materials, energy, facilities and/or funds - that the GRDC and its R&D partners use in activities to produce outputs.
IPM	Integrated Pest Management
ISO	The International Organization for Standardization, against whose quality management standard the GRDC is certified.
IT	information technology
leviable crops	Crops on which a levy is paid to support the work of the GRDC, namely: wheat coarse grains - barley, oats, sorghum, maize, triticale, millets/panicums, cereal rye and canary seed pulses - lupins, field peas, chickpeas, faba beans, vetch, peanuts, mung beans, navy beans, pigeon peas, cowpeas and lentils oilseeds - canola, sunflower, soybean, safflower and linseed.
lines of business	Within in an organisation, groups defined on the basis of common business activities and deliverables.
MAS	Marker-Assisted Selection
Minister, the	The Australian Government Minister for Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, within whose portfolio the GRDC is established. See also 'ministerial powers'.
ministerial powers	Powers exercised under the provisions of legislation (especially the PIERD Act) by the Minister for Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, the Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister, or any other relevant minister of the Australian Government.
Montreal Protocol	An international protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer, designed to protect the stratospheric ozone layer.
MRL	maximum residue limit
NAPSWQ	National Action Plan for Salinity and Water Quality
NIR	Near Infrared (Spectroscopy)
NMI Program	Nutrient Management Initiative Program
NVT	National Variety Trials
opportunity cropping	Planting decisions made on the basis of available soil moisture and attractive prices. This strategy is practised mainly in Northern Australia, where there is no fixed season for single cropping (growing only one crop on a particular piece of land).
outcome	The intended results or consequences of actions by the GRDC and its R&D partners for the grains industry and for Australia's economic, environmental and social resources. The GRDC's outcome for 2004-05, as described in the Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry Portfolio Budget Statement, is: 'through its commitment to innovation, an Australian grains industry that is profitable and environmentally sustainable for the benefit of the industry and wider community'.
outputs	The goods and services (mainly knowledge, processes and technology) that the GRDC and its R&D partners produce for external organisations or individuals.
PA	Precision Agriculture
parliamentary secretary, the	The Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, who exercises ministerial powers in relation to rural R&D corporations.
pathways to market	The series of targets needing to be achieved to ensure the GRDC's R&D efforts result in products and services that can be utilised by Australian graingrowers.
performance	Demonstrated proficiency in acquiring resources economically and using these resources efficiently and effectively in achieving the GRDC's outcomes.
performance indicator	An agreed specification for measuring performance.
PIERD Act	The Primary Industries and Energy Research and Development Act 1989, which is the GRDC's enabling legislation.
precision agriculture	The use of spatial information (such as yield maps) to better match crop agronomy techniques, such as fertiliser application, to paddock variability.
proof of concept	Experimental evidence that a particular idea, system or technique is workable, usually demonstrated on a small scale and/or in a model system.
quality management	The management of all activities through a systematic and determined focus on continual improvement, above minimum levels of performance set by a formal quality management standard. The quality management standard against which the GRDC was certified when this report was published was ISO 9001:2000.
R&D	research and development
rate of return	Farm profit as a percentage of farm capital.
receival standards	Criteria applied at the point of grower delivery of grain to the handling/marketing system. Receival standards cover quality attributes (for example, variety, protein, moisture, screenings and so on, in the case of wheat), set allowable levels of defective grains, and set limits on contaminants such as weed seeds, insects and non-millable material. Receival standards are crop-specific and differ for various quality grades.
research partners	Individuals or organisations investing in or undertaking R&D activities.
RWA	Russian wheat aphid
SARDI	South Australian Research and Development Institute
Single Vision	Towards a Single Vision for the Australian Grains Industry: The Australian Grains Industry Strategy 2005-25
stakeholders	People, organisations or groups with an interest or stake in a line of business. In broad terms, the GRDC's two stakeholders are the Australian grains industry and the Australian Government.
The Way Forward	The GRDC strategic business plan.
WAHRI	Western Australia Herbicide Resistance Initiative

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